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Related Concept Videos

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

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Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

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Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

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During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles....
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

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Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
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Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
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Reverse Janssen Effect in Narrow Granular Columns.

Shivam Mahajan1, Michael Tennenbaum2, Sudhir N Pathak1

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.

Physical Review Letters
|April 14, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed a reverse Janssen effect in granular materials, where base support exceeded total weight. This counterintuitive phenomenon challenges prior assumptions about granular material behavior and stress dependency.

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Area of Science:

  • Granular physics
  • Soft matter science
  • Material science

Background:

  • The Janssen effect describes how granular materials in containers are supported by lateral walls via friction, reducing base weight.
  • This effect is a fundamental concept in granular physics, influencing silo and hopper design.
  • Previous models assumed material properties are independent of applied stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and demonstrate a reverse Janssen effect in granular materials.
  • To characterize the parameters influencing this anomalous behavior.
  • To rationalize the underlying physical mechanisms and develop a predictive model.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental and numerical investigations were employed.
  • Systematic variation of control parameters to study the phenomenon.
  • Development of a theoretical model to explain observed results.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a reverse Janssen effect where base support fraction exceeds one.
  • Identified key control parameters governing this anomalous behavior.
  • Revealed that the constitutive relation of granular materials can be stress-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel phenomenon in granular physics, challenging established theories.
  • Compressional frictional forces are identified as the cause of the reverse Janssen effect.
  • Findings suggest that material behavior in granular systems is not stress-independent.