Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.7K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.7K
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

734
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
734
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

355
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
355
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

210
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
210
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

426
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
426
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

465
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
465

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MerTK Is Regulated by Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) and NR4A2 in Colon Cancer Cells.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Peri-transplant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a transplant oncology perspective on safety, timing, post-transplant management, and future directions.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

Potential Benefit of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2-Inhibitors in Cisplatin-Associated Nephrotoxicity Among Patients With Cancer Having Diabetes Mellitus.

Kidney international reports·2026
Same author

Impact of <i>UGT1A1*28</i> polymorphism in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with NALIRIFOX in the NAPOLI 3 trial.

Future oncology (London, England)·2026
Same author

Cell cycle pathway alterations predict outcomes post-liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Frontiers in transplantation·2026
Same author

Percutaneous Image-Guided Non-Target Renal Biopsy in Cancer Patients: A Tertiary Cancer Center Experience.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same journal

Mammalian Respiratory Chain Complex Assemblies and Their Links to Mitochondria Stress-Induced Human Diseases.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Enzyme Assemblies in Nucleotide Metabolism: Structure, Regulation, and Disease Implications.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: A 90-Year-Old Enigma Shaping the Future of Structural Enzymology.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Regulation of the Anti-termination RNA Transcription Complex by Lon-Mediated Lambda N Degradation.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

PCNA Macromolecular Complexes: PCNA Serves as a Molecular Hub Regulating Multiple Cellular Processes Inside and Outside of the Nucleus.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic Assemblies in Genome Maintenance.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

10.1K

Renal Toxicity.

Maen Abdelrahim1, Ala Abudayyeh2

  • 1Institute of Academic Medicine and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy improves cancer survival but causes kidney toxicities like nephritis. This chapter reviews checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) renal side effects, mechanisms, treatments, and impacts on autoimmune diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Keywords:
Acute interstitial nephritisAutoimmune disease inductionImmune-related adverse eventsOrgan transplant rejectionRenal cell cancer

More Related Videos

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
07:58

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

9.2K
Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
06:38

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats

Published on: March 11, 2016

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

10.1K
Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
07:58

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

9.2K
Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
06:38

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats

Published on: March 11, 2016

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), has significantly improved cancer survival rates.
  • However, CPIs are associated with a spectrum of organ-specific toxicities, including substantial renal complications.
  • Understanding these toxicities is crucial for managing cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review renal toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs).
  • To discuss the mechanisms, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies for CPI-induced nephritis.
  • To explore the implications of CPI use in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), including renal cell carcinoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on CPI-related renal toxicities.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms underlying acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis.
  • Discussion of clinical scenarios including autoimmune disease reactivation and impact on renal cell cancer in CKD patients.

Main Results:

  • CPIs can induce various forms of kidney damage, ranging from acute tubulointerstitial nephritis to glomerulonephritis.
  • Reactivation of pre-existing autoimmune conditions is a noted concern with CPI therapy.
  • The use of CPI in renal cell cancer patients with CKD presents unique challenges and requires careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) necessitate vigilant monitoring for renal toxicities.
  • Management strategies should address nephritis, autoimmune complications, and specific patient populations like those with CKD.
  • Further research is needed, particularly concerning transplant rejection in patients using CPIs.