Technology-based health promotion: Current state and perspectives in emerging gig economy

It has been a decade since smartphone application stores started allowing developers to post their own applications. This paper presents a narrative review on the state-of-the-art and the future of technology used by researchers in the field of mobile health promotion. Researchers build high cost, complex systems with the purpose of promoting health and collecting data. These systems promote health by using a feedback component that "educates" the subject. Other researchers instead use platforms which provide them with data collected by others, which allows for no communication with subjects, but may be cheaper than building a system to collect the data. This second type of systems cannot be used directly for health promotion. However, both types of systems are relevant to the field of health promotion, because they are precursors to a third type of systems that are emerging, the gig economy systems for mobile health data collection, which are low cost, globally available, and provide limited communication with subjects. If such systems evolve to include more channels for communication with the data-generating subjects, and also bring developers into the economy, they may eventually revolutionize the field of mobile health promotion and data collection by giving researchers new capabilities, such as the ability to replicate existing health promotion campaigns with the click of a button and the appropriate licenses. In this paper we present a review of state-of-the-art systems for mobile health promotion and data collection and a model for what these systems may look like in the future.