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[EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SCREENING PROGRAM OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES]
Zh Bekbergenova1, G Derbissalina1, A Umbetzhanova1
11NJSC "Medical University of Astana", Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease screening in Kazakhstan shows low effectiveness, with high rates of obesity and hypertension. Improvements in healthcare professional and public education are urgently needed to enhance screening program outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Cardiology
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- Existing screening programs for CVD in primary healthcare settings require evaluation.
- Understanding the clinical effectiveness of current screening is crucial for public health improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the current cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening program in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
- To identify key demographic and clinical factors influencing CVD screening outcomes.
- To provide evidence for improving CVD prevention and management strategies.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 124 patients identified with CVD through primary healthcare (PHC) screening.
- Data collection included a sociological survey, clinical examination, and review of outpatient records.
- Assessment of risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, family history, physical activity, blood pressure, BMI, and cholesterol levels.
Main Results:
- The study included 124 patients (62% women, 38% men) with an average age of 54.3 years.
- High prevalence of risk factors: 52% smoking, 37.2% alcohol consumption, 54.5% family history, 28.1% low physical activity.
- Elevated cardiovascular risk indicators: mean systolic BP 144.3 mmHg, diastolic BP 90.2 mmHg, mean BMI 31.8 (obesity), mean total cholesterol 5.9 mmol/L.
Conclusions:
- The current CVD screening program in Nur-Sultan demonstrates low clinical effectiveness.
- Significant prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and indicators among screened individuals highlights program deficiencies.
- A comprehensive review and enhancement of training programs for healthcare professionals and public education on CVD are necessary.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases continue to occupy a leading position in the mortality structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). Purpose - to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the current CVD screening program in Nur-Sultan. A cross-sectional study, sociological survey and a clinical examination of patients with identified CVD who underwent screening of circulatory system diseases in primary health care organizations (PHC) were conducted. The study included 124 patients, three of whom died due to cardiovascular complications. The average age of patients during the examination is 54.3 [95% CI: 52.64; 55.96], of which 38% are men and 62% are women. The fact of smoking - 64 (52±8%), alcohol - (37,2±11,6), family history - 66 (54,5±8,1), daily physical activity - 34 (28.1±14.3). The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) is 144.3 [95% CI: 141.61; 146.99] and diastolic blood pressure 90.2 [95% CI: 89.02; 91.38] mmHg Most respondents have varying degrees of obesity. The average BMI is 31.8 [95% CI: 30.93; 32.67]. The average waist size is 89.1 [95% CI: 86.88; 91.52], while the waist size in women exceeds 80 cm - 91.9 [95% CI: 89.03; 94.77] and the waist size in men 86.1 [95% CI: 82.31; 89.89]. The average values of total cholesterol. 5.9 [95% CI: 5.85; 5.95]. We interviewed patients for complaints, examined outpatient records, and an survey log: chest pains or cardiac rupture during exercise were noted in 25 people (20,7±17.5) , improvement of subjective state-in 29 (24±15.9), regular receipt of basic therapy in 59 (48.8±9.1), calling an ambulance team in 43 (35.5±12), urgent hospitalization during the year - 31 (25.6±15.2) and 7 patients (5,8±36%) participated in school of cardiovascular disease. The revealed low effectiveness of the screening program for cardiovascular diseases makes it necessary to review the comprehensive training program for doctors, nurses, PHC and the population.
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