Is an irritable ADHD profile traceable using personality dimensions? Replicability, stability, and predictive value
Tessa F Blanken1, Ophélie Courbet2, Nathalie Franc3
1Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.f.blanken@vu.nl.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|May 14, 2020
Summary
Personality profiles in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predict treatment response. Two profiles with high neuroticism showed medication benefits, while a third did not, indicating personality
Area of Science:
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex condition with diverse patient presentations.
- Previous research identified distinct temperament profiles in children with ADHD, with one profile linked to emotional dysregulation and increased comorbidity risk.
- The heterogeneity of ADHD suggests that personality traits may also define distinct subgroups with varying clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the replication of previously identified ADHD profiles using personality dimensions in a new cohort of children with ADHD.
- To assess the longitudinal stability and clinical predictive value of these personality-based profiles over a 1-year period.
- To determine if personality profiles can predict treatment response to medication in pediatric ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Community detection analysis was applied to personality dimensions in a sample of 178 children diagnosed with ADHD.
- Three distinct personality profiles were identified based on Big Five personality factors.
- Longitudinal assessment over 1 year evaluated profile stability, individual classification changes, and prediction of medication response.
Main Results:
- Three personality profiles were identified: Profile 1 (high neuroticism, high ADHD severity, low openness), Profile 2 (high neuroticism, low agreeableness), and Profile 3 (scores near normative range).
- The identified profiles showed partial replication of temperament-based profiles, with two profiles characterized by high neuroticism.
- Profiles were stable over time, and profile membership predicted medication response: children in Profiles 1 and 2 benefited from medication, while those in Profile 3 did not.
Conclusions:
- Personality profiles in pediatric ADHD are stable over time and possess clinical predictive value, particularly for treatment response.
- Children with ADHD belonging to emotionally dysregulated profiles (high neuroticism) are more likely to benefit from medication.
- Personality profiling may offer a valuable tool for personalizing ADHD treatment strategies and predicting therapeutic outcomes.
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