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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function01:15

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function

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Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X)  have been well...
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The Sarcomere01:08

The Sarcomere

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A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
Each...
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Positively charged residues within the MYO19 MyMOMA domain are essential for proper localization of MYO19 to the mitochondrial outer membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 20, 2025

Myosin-Specific Adaptations of In vitro Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Motility Assays
08:57

Myosin-Specific Adaptations of In vitro Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Motility Assays

Published on: February 4, 2021

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Myosin XIX.

Jennifer L Bocanegra1, Rebecca Adikes2, Omar A Quintero3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myosin XIX (MYO19) is a unique motor protein involved in mitochondrial transport. Research shows its distinct motor activity and interaction with mitochondria impact cellular function and dynamics.

Keywords:
ActinMitochondriaMotilityMyosin

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Probing Myosin Ensemble Mechanics in Actin Filament Bundles Using Optical Tweezers
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Genomic databases have revealed novel myosin genes, including the previously uncharacterized class XIX myosins.
  • Class XIX myosins, specifically MYO19, exhibit a unique evolutionary history, present in diverse species but absent in some common model organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of MYO19, a mitochondria-associated motor protein.
  • To explore the evolutionary trajectory, mechanochemistry, and cellular functions of MYO19.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence analysis to understand evolutionary history and motor domain characteristics.
  • Biochemical assays to investigate MYO19's actin-activated ATPase activity and transport capabilities.
  • Studies on the MyMOMA tail domain's interaction with mitochondrial components.

Main Results:

  • MYO19 possesses unique motor domain sequences suggesting specialized mechanochemistry for mitochondria association.
  • MYO19 functions as an actin-activated ATPase, facilitating actin-based transport.
  • The MyMOMA tail domain interacts with the mitochondrial outer membrane, and MYO19 affects mitochondrial movement and dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • MYO19 is a crucial actin-based motor protein with a significant role in mitochondrial dynamics and cellular function.
  • Further research into MYO19's conserved motor domain differences and cargo interactions is warranted.