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Comparison of Bacterial Load Parameters in Subgingival Plaque during Peri-implantitis and Periodontitis Using the
Oksana Nastych1, Myroslav Goncharuk-Khomyn2, Anatoliy Foros2
1Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Acta Stomatologica Croatica
|June 12, 2020
Summary
This study quantifies bacterial load in periodontitis and peri-implantitis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Findings show increased bacterial load correlates with disease severity and specific pathogens like A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis.
Area of Science:
- Oral Microbiology
- Periodontology
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory conditions affecting periodontal tissues and dental implants, respectively.
- Subgingival bacterial load is a key factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
- Accurate quantification of specific bacterial pathogens is crucial for understanding disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify bacterial load in subgingival plaque during periodontitis and peri-implantitis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
- To assess the association between bacterial load parameters and clinical indicators of periodontal health.
- To identify specific opportunistic pathogens involved in these pathologies.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study design involving five groups: mild/moderate periodontitis, severe periodontitis, peri-implantitis, healthy periodontium, and healthy peri-implant sites.
- Subgingival plaque samples collected using paper points from the pocket/sulcus area.
- RT-PCR analysis performed using the "ParodontoScreen" test to detect target opportunistic pathogens: *A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, T. denticola*.
Main Results:
- Bacterial load significantly increased with periodontitis progression and in the presence of peri-implantitis.
- All targeted bacterial load levels were statistically associated with periodontitis or peri-implantitis (p < 0.05) compared to healthy sites.
- Highest correlations were observed between probing depth and bacterial load of *A. actinomycetemcomitans* (r=0.37) and *P. gingivalis* (r=0.28).
- Clinical attachment loss showed strong correlations with *A. actinomycetemcomitans* (r=0.38) and *P. gingivalis* (r=0.24) bacterial loads.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis and peri-implantitis share common microbial pathogens.
- The distribution and detection frequency of bacterial loads, identified by RT-PCR, can differ between these conditions.
- Individual patient factors and disease severity influence bacterial load patterns in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
