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Amoxicillin-Induced Aseptic Meningitis

Débora Sousa1, Pedro Raimundo1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|June 12, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Aseptic meningitis is a rare side effect of amoxicillin, a common antibiotic. This case highlights the importance of considering drug-induced reactions when symptoms like fever and headache appear after amoxicillin use.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Amoxicillin, a widely prescribed penicillin-class antibiotic, is generally well-tolerated.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions to amoxicillin can occur, ranging in severity.
  • Aseptic meningitis is an exceptionally rare adverse effect associated with amoxicillin use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of amoxicillin-induced aseptic meningitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing drug-induced aseptic meningitis.
  • To contribute to the limited literature on this rare adverse reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 63-year-old male presenting with fever and headache.
  • Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid suggestive of aseptic meningitis.
  • Review of patient history for previous similar episodes linked to amoxicillin.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed symptoms after initiating amoxicillin prophylaxis for a dental procedure.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated aseptic meningitis.
  • Symptoms resolved rapidly upon discontinuation of amoxicillin.
  • A similar episode was noted in the patient's history following amoxicillin treatment for *Helicobacter pylori*.

Conclusions:

  • Aseptic meningitis is a rare but potential adverse effect of amoxicillin.
  • Diagnosis involves excluding other causes and establishing a temporal link between amoxicillin administration and symptom onset.
  • The underlying mechanism is believed to be an immunologic hypersensitivity reaction.
Keywords:
Aseptic meningitisamoxicillindrug-induced aseptic meningitis

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