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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
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Overview of the Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments present within the cell, having three distinct filaments ̶   microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Each has characteristic features that distinguish them, including the dynamics of their assembly and disassembly, mechanical properties, polarity, and the type of molecular motors associated with them. Earlier, they were thought to be present only in eukaryotic cells; however, their...
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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
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Cytoskeletal organization through multivalent interactions.

Marcus Braun1, Stefan Diez2,3,4, Zdenek Lansky1

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 25250 Vestec, Prague West, Czech Republic marcus.braun@ibt.cas.cz stefan.diez@tu-dresden.de zdenek.lansky@ibt.cas.cz.

Journal of Cell Science
|June 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalency in cytoskeletal filaments enhances protein interactions and reaction kinetics. This property is crucial for cytoskeleton function, influencing phenomena like motor protein processivity and protein sorting.

Keywords:
Concentration-dependent off-ratesCytoskeletal self-organizationMicrotubule-associated proteinMultivalencyProtein avidity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The cytoskeleton is composed of protein filaments with repeating binding sites.
  • These sites form a multivalent platform for filament-associated ligand proteins.
  • Multivalent proteins exhibit enhanced binding kinetics when tethered to filaments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss cytoskeletal phenomena driven by multivalent interactions.
  • To highlight the role of multivalency in cytoskeleton functionality.
  • To explore how altered reaction kinetics impact cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on cytoskeletal dynamics.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks explaining multivalent binding.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence for discussed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Multivalent interactions underpin key cytoskeletal functions.
  • Examples include entropic forces from crosslinkers, motor protein processivity, protein spatial sorting, and concentration-dependent unbinding.
  • Cytoskeletal filaments create microenvironments that modulate ligand protein activity.

Conclusions:

  • Multivalency is a fundamental property enabling cytoskeleton function.
  • Altered reaction kinetics within cytoskeletal microenvironments are critical.
  • Understanding multivalency provides insights into cellular organization and dynamics.