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Biosensor platforms for rapid HIV detection.

Sarthak Nandi1, Ayusi Mondal1, Akanksha Roberts1

  • 1DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|June 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Nanosensor technology offers a novel, highly sensitive, and rapid approach for detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This advanced method enables quantitative and qualitative analysis, crucial for early diagnosis and monitoring of HIV infection.

Keywords:
BiosensorELISAHIV detectionHIV-1ImmobilizationNanosensor

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a state characterized by immune system destruction.
  • Traditional diagnostic tools for HIV include ELISA, Western blotting, and NAAT, but advancements are ongoing.
  • Nanosensor technology presents a promising new avenue for HIV detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of nanosensor technology for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • To explore various nanosensor analytics and biorecognition elements used in HIV detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nanosensor analytics including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, SERS-based lateral flow assay, and microfluidic channel-based biosensors.
  • Discussion of biorecognition elements such as aptamers, antibodies, and oligonucleotides used in conjunction with nanosensors.
  • Analysis of how nanosensors transform biochemical reactions into decipherable electrical, thermal, or optical signals.

Main Results:

  • Nanosensors demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity for both quantitative and qualitative HIV detection.
  • Nanosensor technology provides rapid and reproducible results.
  • Nanosensors can be utilized for tracing infant infections, identifying latent HIV reservoirs, and monitoring therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanosensor technology represents a significant advancement in the diagnostic approach for HIV.
  • Its capabilities extend to various critical aspects of HIV management, from early detection to treatment monitoring.
  • The integration of diverse biorecognition elements further enhances the potential of nanosensor-based HIV diagnostics.