Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 17, 2025
06:14
In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
6.7K
Relative Age Effect in Russian Elite Hockey
Eduard Bezuglov1,2,3, Evgeny Shvets4, Anastasiya Lyubushkina5
1Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|June 23, 2020
Summary
The relative age effect (RAE) is prevalent in Russian elite hockey, with more players born in the first half of the year. This trend shifts in adult leagues, indicating potential RAE influences on player development.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Human Movement Science
- Talent Identification
Background:
- The relative age effect (RAE) is a well-documented phenomenon in various sports.
- Limited research exists on RAE within European elite ice hockey, particularly in Russia.
- Russian ice hockey consistently holds leading global positions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of the relative age effect in Russian elite ice hockey.
- To analyze RAE across different levels, from junior academies to professional leagues.
Main Methods:
- Birthdates of 2,285 Russian ice hockey players were analyzed.
- Included recruits from top academies, junior and adult teams, and NHL players.
- Statistical analysis to determine birthdate distribution across the year.
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of RAE was observed in Russian elite ice hockey.
- 65.5% of players were born in the first half of the year, versus 34.5% in the second half.
- RAE was prominent in junior levels, but adult elite teams showed a higher proportion of players born in the fourth quarter.
Conclusions:
- The relative age effect significantly impacts player selection in Russian youth ice hockey.
- Coaching emphasis on immediate physical development may favor more mature, early-born players.
- Despite junior RAE, later-born players can achieve success in elite adult leagues.
Related Concept Videos
00:55Relative Frequency Distribution
12.8K
A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide each frequency by the total number of data points in the sample. It is very similar to a regular frequency distribution, except that instead of reporting how many data values fall in a class, a relative frequency distribution reports the fraction of data values that fall in a class. These fractions or proportions are called relative frequencies...
12.8K
00:57Percentage Frequency Distribution
61.7K
A percentage frequency distribution, in general, is a display of data that indicates the percentage of observations for each data point or grouping of data points. It is a commonly used method for expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other data. The percentage frequency distributions are often displayed as bar graphs, pie charts, or tables.
The process of making a percentage frequency distribution involves the following few steps: note the total number of observations;...
The process of making a percentage frequency distribution involves the following few steps: note the total number of observations;...
61.7K
01:27Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
131
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
131
01:18Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
172
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
172
01:22Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption
145
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
145
01:00Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
120
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
120