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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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[Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma].

U Leiter1, R Gutzmer2, M Alter3

  • 1Zentrum für Dermato-Onkologie, Südwestdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland. ulrike.leiter@med.uni-tuebingen.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) management involves surgical excision and histological confirmation. Advanced treatments include radiation, electrochemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors like cemiplimab for advanced cases.

Keywords:
AftercareDiagnosisManagementNon melanoma skin cancerTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prevalent cancer among Caucasians, representing 20% of all skin tumors.
  • A German S3 guideline for cSCC management has been established since 2019.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical examination, with excision and histological confirmation crucial for prognosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) based on the German S3 guideline.
  • To outline treatment options for various stages of cSCC, including primary, recurrent, and metastatic disease.
  • To provide guidance on risk-adapted follow-up care for cSCC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical, confirmed by histological examination post-excision.
  • First-line treatment involves complete surgical excision with margin control.
  • Risk stratification guides decisions on sentinel lymph node biopsy, adjuvant radiation, and electrochemotherapy for recurrence.

Main Results:

  • Complete excision with histological margin control is the primary therapy.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy's role in cSCC requires further evidence.
  • Adjuvant radiation and electrochemotherapy are options for high-risk or recurrent cases.
  • Cemiplimab is approved for inoperable or metastatic cSCC; alternative systemic therapies (chemotherapy, EGFR inhibitors) or palliative radiotherapy are options when indicated, preferably within clinical trials.
  • Risk-adapted follow-up includes dermatological checks and ultrasound for high-risk patients.

Conclusions:

  • Complete surgical excision is the cornerstone of cSCC treatment.
  • Systemic therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, offer options for advanced or metastatic cSCC.
  • Risk-adapted follow-up is essential for monitoring and managing cSCC patients.