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Injuries associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems: A systematic review
Tom Vyncke1, Edward De Wolf, Henk Hoeksema
1From the Ghent University Hospital (T.V., E.D.W., H.H., J.V., P.D.C., M.B., S.M., K.E.Y.C.); and Ghent Burn Center (H.H., J.V., P.D.C., S.M., K.E.Y.C.), Ghent, Belgium.
Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) injuries from overheating and explosions are a growing concern, primarily due to lithium-ion battery failures. Increased awareness and regulation are crucial for consumer safety.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) have seen a significant rise in reported injuries since their 2007 market introduction.
- Lithium-ion battery overheating, leading to ignition or explosion, is a primary cause of these ENDS-related injuries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive systematic review of all types of ENDS-related traumatic injuries.
- To analyze injury patterns, demographics, and treatment outcomes associated with ENDS device failures.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines, covering ENDS-related injuries from 2007 to February 2020.
- Included studies reported on patients with flame, chemical, or traumatic injuries to skin, soft tissue, or bone from ENDS use.
Main Results:
- The review analyzed 180 patients from 41 reports (2016-2020), with a mean age of 30.8 years and 93% male predominance.
- Lower limbs (77%) and upper limbs/hands (43%) were most frequently injured. Surgical treatment was required for 51% of patients, with 35% undergoing skin grafting.
Conclusions:
- ENDS-related injuries represent an underreported public health issue requiring enhanced regulation and surveillance.
- Increased awareness among healthcare providers and consumers regarding safe handling of ENDS devices is essential.
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