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A mm-Sized Free-Floating Wireless Implantable Opto-Electro Stimulation Device.

Yaoyao Jia1, Yan Gong2, Arthur Weber3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.

Micromachines
|July 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a mm-sized, wirelessly powered implant for brain stimulation, offering both optical and electrical neuromodulation. In vivo tests in rats demonstrate its effectiveness for untethered neural interfacing.

Keywords:
charge balancingfree-floating implantsinductive linkswitched-capacitor-based optical/electrical stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing distributed neural interfaces for large-scale brain area modulation requires miniaturized, untethered implants.
  • Existing systems often face limitations in power delivery, control, and stimulation flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, mm-sized, free-floating, wirelessly-powered implantable opto-electro stimulation (FF-WIOS2) device.
  • To demonstrate its capability for reconfigurable neuromodulation using both optical and electrical stimulation.
  • To validate the device's performance in in vivo experiments.

Main Methods:

  • The FF-WIOS2 device utilizes a 3-coil inductive link for wireless power and control (60 MHz) with on-off keying (OOK) and load-shift-keying (LSK).
  • A switched-capacitor-based stimulation (SCS) architecture delivers high peak currents for micro-LED (µLED) optical stimulation and micro-electrode array (MEA) electrical stimulation.
  • The system-on-chip (SoC) is fabricated using a 0.35-µm standard CMOS process, incorporating charge balancing for electrical stimulation safety.

Main Results:

  • The SCS charger achieves 37% efficiency in charging an off-chip capacitor to 5 V.
  • Stimulation currents range from 1.7-12 mA for optical and 100-700 μA for electrical stimulation.
  • In vivo experiments in anesthetized rats confirmed the efficacy of both optical and electrical stimulation mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The FF-WIOS2 device represents a significant advancement in miniaturized, untethered neural interfaces.
  • Its reconfigurable opto-electrical stimulation capabilities offer a versatile tool for neuromodulation.
  • The successful in vivo validation supports its potential for large-scale, long-term brain interfacing.