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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Autophagy01:27

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
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Autophagy and Tumour Stem Cells.

Xue Yang1, Fei Ye1, Yingying Jing1

  • 1Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
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Autophagy is crucial for cancer stem cells (CSCs) survival, growth, and metastasis. Inhibiting autophagy may enhance cancer therapies by targeting CSCs with fewer side effects.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy plays a vital role in cancer stem cell (CSC) survival, stemness, and tumorigenesis.
  • Autophagy promotes CSC invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by inducing dormancy.
  • Targeting autophagy in CSCs offers a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifaceted role of autophagy in various states of cancer stem cells.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy regulation in CSCs.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of combining autophagy inhibitors with CSC-specific drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced molecular biology techniques were employed.
  • In-depth analysis of autophagy's role in CSCs under different conditions.
  • Exploration of molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy in CSCs.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is essential for CSC survival, stemness, and tumorigenesis.
  • Autophagy facilitates CSC invasion, metastasis, and chemo/radioresistance.
  • Targeting autophagy specifically on CSCs may reduce toxicity to normal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a critical regulator of cancer stem cell behavior and therapeutic resistance.
  • Combined inhibition of autophagy and CSC-specific targeting presents a viable therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research into autophagy mechanisms in CSCs is warranted for improved cancer treatments.