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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Autophagy01:27

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Autophagy and Thyroid Disease.

Tao Tao1, Huanbai Xu2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. taotaozhen@hotmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy

Keywords:
AutophagyHypothyroidismThyroid autoimmune diseasesThyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and immunology research.
  • Molecular biology and cellular processes.

Background:

  • Autophagy is a cellular process with diverse roles in thyroid health and disease.
  • It influences inflammatory and immune responses, crucial in autoimmune thyroid conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationship between autophagy and various thyroid diseases.
  • To investigate the potential of modulating autophagy for thyroid cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current scientific literature on autophagy in thyroid pathology.
  • Analysis of studies examining autophagy's role in autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid cancer.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy's role varies across different thyroid diseases and their stages.
  • Its involvement in autoimmune thyroid disease pathogenesis is significant.
  • The connection between autophagy and thyroid cancer is intricate and requires further study.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to fully understand autophagy's role in autoimmune thyroid disease and hypothyroidism.
  • The therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy in thyroid cancer remains uncertain, necessitating continued investigation.