NEW APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF PERIIMPLANTITIS (REVIEW)

Implant therapy, a modern treatment option for completely and partially edentulous patients. However, numerous clinical studies indicate a sufficiently large number (9-20%) of the failure rate of implants. The achievement of osseointegration depends on many factors, such as a suitable host, alteration in bone metabolism, hormone balance, smoking habits, and local conditions (quantity and quality of bone, biocompatible materials, traumatic surgical technique, occlusal conditions, quality of dental implants, and corrosion of the metal of implants, thoroughness of surgery and healing time). As can be seen from the review data, achievements in the field of dental implantation are based on a deep understanding of the fundamental cellular processes of regeneration and restoration of periodontal tissues, maintaining optimal local conditions that contribute to accelerating the regeneration process. A thorough knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of wound healing and the clinical consequences of modern periodontal treatments should provide further improvement or the development of new treatment strategies for the restoration and regeneration of soft tissues and dental implants. Various immuno-inflammatory mediators and bone-related molecules can be considered potential biomarkers that will be used for monitoring peri-implant health and disease. Their timely detection and systematic maintenance therapy may have a crucial impact on decreasing the occurrence of peri-implant lesions. Importantly, individual genetic data might contribute to therapeutic planning and prognosis, make its coordination depending on observed genotype. Supplementary evidence concerning the molecular pathophysiology of peri-implantitis may, in the future, benefit the treatment of dental implants, development of preventive approaches to avoid peri-implant tissue breakdown.