Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

595
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
595
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

246
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
246
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

307
Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
307
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

292
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
292
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

477
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
477
Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

1.4K
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SACI framework-based fixed-time learning control for nonlinear systems with asymmetric constraints.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026
Same author

Distributed Inertial k-Winners-Take-All Neural Network Based on Quadratic Optimization Problems.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same author

Influence factors and model selection for conflict risk in different car-following behaviors: Insights from automated and human-driven vehicles.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2025
Same author

Nesterov Accelerated Gradient Tracking With Adam for Distributed Online Optimization.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2025
Same author

Observer-Based Event-Triggered Fault-Tolerant Synchronization for Memristive Neural Networks Subject to Multiple Failures.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2025
Same author

Finite time dynamic analysis of memristor-based fuzzy NNs with inertial term: Nonreduced-order approach.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2025
Same journal

An Evolutionary Algorithm Assisted by an Ensemble of Pareto-Optimal Surrogate Models.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

A Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network Model on Quantum Circuits.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Semi-Explicit Solution of Some Discrete-Time Higher-Order-Cost Mean-Field-Type Control.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

A Novel One-Step Small Object Detector for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Online Data-Driven-Based Optimal Output Tracking Control Without Initial Stabilizing Policy.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Digital Redesign-Based Interval State Estimation for Continuous Systems With Aperiodic Discrete Measurements.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

10.7K

Dynamic Event-Triggering Neural Learning Control for Partially Unknown Nonlinear Systems.

Chaoxu Mu, Ke Wang, Tie Qiu

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |July 23, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a dynamic event-triggering method for adaptive learning in nonlinear systems. The novel approach improves control policy updates, reduces data transmission, and ensures system stability.

    More Related Videos

    Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
    05:19

    Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

    Published on: November 12, 2019

    7.4K
    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
    08:18

    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

    Published on: August 15, 2020

    5.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 14, 2025

    Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
    11:18

    Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

    Published on: March 2, 2015

    10.7K
    Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
    05:19

    Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

    Published on: November 12, 2019

    7.4K
    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
    08:18

    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

    Published on: August 15, 2020

    5.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Control Systems Engineering
    • Machine Learning
    • Nonlinear Dynamics

    Background:

    • Adaptive learning algorithms are crucial for controlling complex systems.
    • Event-triggered strategies reduce communication load but can suffer from static triggering limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel dynamic event-triggering strategy for integral reinforcement learning in partially unknown nonlinear systems.
    • To enhance learning performance and reduce data transmission through event-based control updates.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a policy iteration technique with two neural networks (actor and critic).
    • Introduced a dynamic triggering rule based on a first-order filter to govern event occurrences.
    • Implemented event-sampled integral reinforcement learning for adaptive control.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed dynamic triggering algorithm successfully avoids Zeno behavior.
    • Theoretical analysis confirmed asymptotic stability of the event-driven system and convergence of network weights.
    • Demonstrated significant reductions in data samples and transmissions compared to existing methods.

    Conclusions:

    • The dynamic event-triggering strategy offers an effective approach for adaptive learning in nonlinear systems.
    • This method enhances efficiency by minimizing data transmission while maintaining robust learning performance and stability.
    • The algorithm provides a promising solution for resource-constrained control applications.