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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas and Carcinomas
Mirela Diana Ilie1, Emmanuel Jouanneau2, Gérald Raverot3
1Endocrinology Department VI, "C.I.Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, 34-36 Aviatorilor Boulevard, Bucharest 011863, Romania. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/the_hormone_doc.
Abstract:
A subset of pituitary tumors present an aggressive behavior that remains difficult to predict, and in rare cases they metastasize. The current European Society for Endocrinology (ESE) guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas provide valuable guidance, but several issues remain unaddressed because of the scarcity of data in the literature. This article presents key clinical aspects regarding aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas, and also discusses some of the unanswered questions of the ESE guidelines, focusing on both diagnosis and treatment.
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