Fully Automated Microchip Electrophoresis Analyzer for Potential Life Detection Missions.

Area of Science:

• Astrobiology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Planetary Science

Background:

• Detecting extraterrestrial life requires in-situ molecular analysis.
• Microchip electrophoresis (ME) is a miniaturized separation technique suitable for space missions.
• Existing ME instruments lack the automation required for autonomous space exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a portable, automated, and remotely operable ME system for in-situ analysis of molecular biosignatures.
• To demonstrate end-to-end sample-to-data functionality for extraterrestrial exploration.
• To advance the technology for future spaceflight missions searching for life.

Main Methods:

• Development of a portable, battery-powered, remotely operated ME instrument with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
• Coupling the ME system with an extraction unit for automated sample processing.
• Remote operation of the integrated system aboard a rover during a simulated Mars mission in the Atacama Desert.

Main Results:

• The system demonstrated fully automated sample-to-data operation for amino acid analysis.
• Successful remote operation and data acquisition were achieved during a simulated planetary mission.
• This represents the first demonstration of automated ME analysis of soil samples for planetary exploration.

Conclusions:

• The developed automated ME system is a critical advancement for in-situ detection of molecular biosignatures in extraterrestrial environments.
• The successful validation during a simulated Mars mission paves the way for its implementation in future space exploration.
• This technology enhances the capability to search for evidence of life beyond Earth.