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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Eigenstate Thermalization in a Locally Perturbed Integrable System.

Marlon Brenes1, Tyler LeBlond2, John Goold1

  • 1School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local perturbations can induce eigenstate thermalization in integrable quantum systems. This study demonstrates how thermodynamic and transport properties of the unperturbed integrable chain appear in the perturbed system

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Eigenstate thermalization is the accepted mechanism for thermalization in isolated quantum systems.
  • Integrable systems, unlike generic ones, do not typically thermalize.
  • Quantum spin chains are key models for studying thermalization phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether local perturbations can induce eigenstate thermalization in an integrable quantum system.
  • To explore the emergence of thermodynamic and transport properties in the perturbed system's eigenstates.
  • To connect properties of integrable models with the behavior of non-integrable systems.

Main Methods:

  • Studied a spin-1/2 XXZ chain with a single magnetic defect.
  • Analyzed the properties of eigenstates in the perturbed (non-integrable) system.
  • Examined diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of observables and the current operator.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that local perturbation of an integrable system leads to eigenstate thermalization.
  • Showed that diagonal matrix elements of observables in perturbed eigenstates match microcanonical predictions for the integrable model.
  • Observed that the ballistic spin transport of the integrable model is reflected in off-diagonal matrix elements of the current operator.

Conclusions:

  • Local perturbations are a viable route to achieving eigenstate thermalization, even in systems that are initially integrable.
  • The perturbed system's eigenstates encode the thermodynamic and transport characteristics of the original integrable chain.
  • This work bridges the understanding between integrable and non-integrable quantum dynamics.