Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

115.8K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
115.8K
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

8.3K
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
8.3K
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

4.7K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
4.7K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.6K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.6K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.5K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.5K
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

200.1K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
200.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improving Generalizability in Whole-Cell Antibiotic Discovery Through Active Learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A General Strategy for Developing Si-Rhodamine-Based Fluorogenic Dyes for Advanced Bioimaging and Biosensing.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Alternative Polyadenylation Dynamics During the Rice Blast Immune Response.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same author

Correction: Alternative polyadenylation and metabolic profiling in young panicle development of hybrid rice and its parents.

Rice (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

A Consensus Approach to the Incorporation of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in a Treatment Algorithm for Stage I-III Resectable Rectal Cancer.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same author

A deformylase inhibitor expands therapeutic options for Lyme disease.

Research square·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment
10:22

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment

Published on: September 17, 2019

11.9K

A bioenergetic shift is required for spermatogonial differentiation.

Wei Chen1, Zhaoran Zhang2, Chingwen Chang2

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China.

Cell Discovery
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Spermatogonia differentiation involves a shift in energy production from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration, driven by retinoic acid signaling. This metabolic switch is crucial for germ cell development and proliferation.

Keywords:
Cell biologyStem cells

More Related Videos

Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer to Measure Changes in Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Mouse Sperm Capacitation
08:22

Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer to Measure Changes in Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Mouse Sperm Capacitation

Published on: January 22, 2020

8.2K
Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry
06:31

Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 31, 2015

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment
10:22

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment

Published on: September 17, 2019

11.9K
Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer to Measure Changes in Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Mouse Sperm Capacitation
08:22

Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer to Measure Changes in Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Mouse Sperm Capacitation

Published on: January 22, 2020

8.2K
Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry
06:31

Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 31, 2015

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cellular metabolism
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • A balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is vital for stem cell fate.
  • The bioenergetic preferences of undifferentiated spermatogonia during differentiation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bioenergetic changes in spermatogonia during retinoic acid-induced differentiation.
  • To determine the role of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in spermatogonial differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Retinoic acid (RA) induction of spermatogonial differentiation.
  • Measurement of ATP generation and reactive oxygen species levels.
  • Analysis of metabolic pathways including glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway.
  • RNA-sequencing and quantitative proteomic analyses to assess metabolic regulators and enzymes.
  • Assessment of differentiation by monitoring c-Kit expression.

Main Results:

  • ATP generation increased during RA-induced spermatogonial differentiation.
  • Spermatogonia shifted ATP production from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration.
  • Mitochondrial respiration disruption and inhibition of glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway impaired differentiation.
  • Metabolites from glycolysis are essential for spermatogonial differentiation.
  • Expression of metabolic regulators and enzymes changed significantly during differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Spermatogonial differentiation requires a regulated bioenergetic balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.
  • Retinoic acid signaling orchestrates this metabolic switch, impacting germ cell proliferation and differentiation.