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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
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Challenges and possible solutions for decoding extranasal olfactory receptors.

Siddhant Kalra1, Aayushi Mittal1, Manisha Bajoria1

  • 1Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India, India.

The FEBS Journal
|October 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extranasal olfactory receptors are found in non-olfactory tissues, but their cell types remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing offers a way to identify these cell types and understand olfactory receptor function beyond odor perception.

Keywords:
NGSextranasal expressionodorant receptorsolfactionsingle cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Olfactory receptors (ORs) are traditionally linked to odor perception in the nasal olfactory epithelium.
  • High-throughput omics technologies reveal OR expression in non-olfactory tissues, but lack cell-type specificity.
  • Understanding the cell types expressing extranasal ORs is crucial for functional studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations in identifying cell types of extranasal olfactory receptors.
  • To explore the potential of single-cell technologies for characterizing extranasal OR expression.
  • To discuss technical challenges and propose future directions for studying atypical OR locations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of high-throughput omics data (tissue microarray, RNA sequencing).
  • Application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for single-cell resolution.
  • Analysis of large-scale single-cell expression atlases across multiple organs and species.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq enables the interrogation of extranasal OR expression at the single-cell level.
  • Publicly available single-cell atlases provide resources for cell type-specific OR reannotation.
  • Technical limitations hinder a comprehensive understanding of extranasal ORs, particularly odorant receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell omics technologies are vital for deciphering the cell-type-specific expression of extranasal olfactory receptors.
  • Further advancements in single-cell technologies are needed to elucidate the regulatory networks governing OR expression in atypical locations.
  • This research highlights the need for cell-type resolution to understand the broader roles of olfactory receptors beyond olfaction.