Flexible and wearable electrochemical biosensors based on two-dimensional materials: Recent developments

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Wearable sensors are gaining significant attention for real-time health monitoring.
• Electrochemical biosensors are ideal for wearable devices due to their portability, miniaturization, and rapid response.
• Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials offer unique properties like lightweight, high stretchability, and biocompatibility, enhancing sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in flexible electrochemical biosensors based on 2D nanomaterials.
• To classify these biosensors into enzymatic/non-enzymatic and affinity biosensors (immunosensors).
• To discuss the potential and limitations of these biosensors for clinical analysis and wearable applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of recently published research on flexible electrochemical biosensors.
• Classification of biosensors based on detection principles (enzymatic, non-enzymatic, affinity).
• Analysis of different substrates (polymer, plastic) and 2D nanomaterials used in sensor fabrication.

Main Results:

• 2D nanomaterials have significantly improved the performance of flexible electrochemical biosensors.
• Recent developments focus on polymer and plastic substrates for enhanced flexibility and wearability.
• Various biologically relevant molecules like glucose, lactate, and antigens can be monitored.

Conclusions:

• Flexible electrochemical biosensors based on 2D nanomaterials are promising for non-invasive, real-time health monitoring.
• Further research is needed to address limitations and fully realize their potential in clinical settings.
• These advanced biosensors pave the way for next-generation wearable diagnostic devices.