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Hepatitis B in Poland in 2018.

Aleksandra Wiktor1, Małgorzata Stępień1

  • 1National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|October 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B incidence decreased in Poland in 2018, with fewer acute cases reported. However, declining vaccination coverage poses a risk for future hepatitis B (HBV) infections.

Keywords:
2018Polandepidemiologyhepatitis B,infectious diseasespublic healthvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern.
  • Understanding the epidemiological trends of HBV is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland in 2018.
  • To compare the 2018 data with previous years to identify trends and inform public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of individual case data on hepatitis B and HBV infections registered in the central SRWE database.
  • Inclusion of aggregate data from annual bulletins on infectious diseases and vaccinations in Poland.

Main Results:

  • In 2018, 3,196 hepatitis B cases were registered (8.3 per 100,000 population).
  • A 33% decrease in acute hepatitis B incidence compared to 2017 was observed; no acute cases were reported in individuals aged 0-24 years.
  • While chronic hepatitis B incidence decreased slightly, it showed a 17% increase compared to the 2012-2016 median. Transmission primarily occurred through medical procedures (86%).
  • Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination coverage for two-year-olds was 91%, below the 95% target for elimination.

Conclusions:

  • A decrease in both acute and chronic hepatitis B incidence was noted in 2018.
  • While no acute cases occurred in vaccinated individuals born after 1994, declining vaccination rates present a future risk.
  • Maintaining low acute hepatitis B incidence requires improved newborn vaccination and broader vaccination recommendations for unvaccinated individuals.