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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

Published on: July 31, 2017

Microglia in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment.

Allison P Cole¹, Eric Hoffmeyer¹, Senthilnath Lakshmana Chetty¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|October 29, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, originate from yolk sac macrophages. These cells are vital for brain development, homeostasis, and repair, but also drive glioma growth and present therapeutic targets.

Keywords:

Brain tumor CD47 Development Glioblastoma Glioma Gliomagenesis High-grade glioma Immune therapy M1 M2 Macrophage Microenvironment extracellular matrix Microglia Pericyte

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Developmental Neuroscience
Cancer Biology

Background:

Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, originating from yolk sac macrophages.
Recent technological advancements, including imaging and single-cell RNA-seq, have illuminated microglia's complex biology.
These cells are integral to brain development, homeostasis, and injury repair.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the ontogeny and fundamental functions of microglia.
To elucidate the multifaceted role of microglia within the glioma tumor microenvironment.
To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting microglia in glioma treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current knowledge on microglia biology and function.
Analysis of the role of microglia in central nervous system development and injury.
Examination of microglia's involvement in glioma initiation, progression, and therapeutic response.

Main Results:

Microglia originate from primitive yolk sac macrophages and are essential for normal brain function.
In gliomas, microglia contribute to tumor growth and metastasis.
Microglia also possess effector functions that can be harnessed for anti-glioma therapies.

Conclusions:

Understanding microglia generation and function is key to comprehending brain health and disease.
Microglia represent a critical component of the glioma microenvironment with dual roles in tumor progression and therapeutic response.
Targeting microglia offers promising avenues for novel glioma treatment strategies.