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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
15.3K
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
13.6K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.0K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.0K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Overview of Histone Modification.

Yanjun Zhang1, Zhongxing Sun1, Junqi Jia1

  • 1Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes beyond DNA sequence, involves histone modifications, DNA methylation, and RNA mechanisms. These epigenetic alterations are crucial in gene regulation and cancer development, leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
AcetylationCancerEpigeneticsHistoneHistone mutationMethylationPhosphorylation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics refers to heritable information beyond the DNA sequence.
  • Key epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications, DNA methylation, and RNA-based processes.
  • Epigenetic regulation is vital for chromatin structure and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a general introduction to epigenetics.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic alterations in tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the application of epigenetics in cancer diagnosis and precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetics.
  • Analysis of high-throughput sequencing data identifying mutations in epigenetic regulators.
  • Exploration of molecular mechanisms connecting epigenetics and cancer.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulators' mutations are drivers of cancer.
  • Epigenetic alterations enable more accurate cancer diagnosis.
  • Targeted epigenetic drugs are advancing precision medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics plays a critical role in gene regulation and cancer.
  • Epigenetic modifications offer promising avenues for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Ongoing research continues to uncover the intricate links between epigenetics and cancer.