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Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry
Published on: September 3, 2010
LASER IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY AT 55: QUO VADIS?
Vladimir A Azov1, Larissa Mueller2, Alexander A Makarov2,3
1Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Abstract:
Laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS) was one of the first practical methods developed for in situ analysis of the surfaces of solid samples. This review will encompass several aspects related to this analytical method. First, we will discuss the process of laser ionization, the influence of the laser type on its performance, and imaging capabilities of this method. In the second chapter, we will follow the historic development of LIMS instrumentation. After a brief overview of the first-generation instruments developed in 1960-1990 years, we will discuss in detail more recent designs, which appeared during the last 2-3 decades. In the last part of our review, we will cover the recent applications of LIMS for surface analysis. These applications include various types of analyses of solid inorganic, organic, and heterogeneous samples, often in combination with depth profiling and imaging capability.
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