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Published on: July 12, 2019
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The Molecular Pathophysiology of Concussion
David R Howell1, Julia Southard2
1Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B060, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Clinics in Sports Medicine
|November 14, 2020
Summary
A concussion triggers brain events like ionic shifts and neurotransmitter imbalances, causing dysfunction. This review explores these post-concussion changes and potential treatments to restore brain balance.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pathophysiology
- Translational Medicine
Background:
- Concussions induce complex brain disruptions, including ionic shifts, neuronal damage, inflammation, and altered neurotransmitter activity.
- These events collectively lead to a neuronal crisis, manifesting as symptoms and behavioral dysfunction post-injury.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the translational aspects of the pathophysiologic cascade following concussions.
- To focus on the roles of excitatory neurotransmitters and ionic fluxes in neuronal disruption after concussion.
- To examine the link between physiological changes and behavioral alterations, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions.
Main Methods:
- This study is a review of existing literature on concussion pathophysiology.
- It synthesizes information on ionic shifts, neurotransmitter release, and cerebral blood flow disruptions.
- The review connects these disruptions to behavioral outcomes and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Concussions initiate a cascade of cellular and physiological disruptions within the brain.
- Excitatory neurotransmitters and ionic fluxes are key contributors to neuronal damage and dysfunction.
- Cerebral blood flow alterations exacerbate the post-concussion crisis.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the pathophysiologic cascade is crucial for developing effective concussion treatments.
- Restoring the balance of ionic and neurotransmitter systems may alleviate post-concussion symptoms.
- Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical practice for concussion management.
