Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

305
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
305
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

279
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
279
Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

242
When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
242
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

376
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
376
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

360
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
360
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

266
The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
266

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Marginal-Aware Framework for 3D Shape Segmentation: Resolving Boundary-Internal Face Imbalance.

IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·2026
Same author

Treatment Patterns and Barriers to Care Among U.S. Adults With Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder and Mental Illness.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Metabolic Reprogramming-Driven Lactylation: Emerging Mechanisms Linking DNA Damage Repair and Chemoresistance in Cancer.

Cells·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Combination Pharmacotherapies With Standard Diuretic Therapy in Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same author

Dynamic Gaussian-Based Digital Twin Reconstruction of Articulated Multi-Joint Objects.

IEEE computer graphics and applications·2026
Same author

Proteomics in bone malignancies: from bulk profiling to single-cell and ultra-low-input technologies.

Journal of translational medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

13.2K

Computational Design of Self-Actuated Deformable Solids via Shape Memory Material.

Yucheng Sun, Wenqing Ouyang, Zhongyuan Liu

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |November 23, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel dual-material 4D printing approach using shape memory polymers (SMPs) to create self-actuated deformable objects. The method optimizes material distribution for cost-effective, programmable shape recovery.

    More Related Videos

    Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
    10:53

    Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

    Published on: July 4, 2011

    13.8K
    Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
    11:11

    Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

    Published on: May 2, 2016

    11.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

    Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
    09:37

    Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

    Published on: October 23, 2015

    13.2K
    Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
    10:53

    Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

    Published on: July 4, 2011

    13.8K
    Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
    11:11

    Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

    Published on: May 2, 2016

    11.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Additive Manufacturing

    Background:

    • 4D printing enables self-actuated deformable objects by integrating 3D printing with stimuli-responsive materials.
    • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) allow objects to be programmed into temporary shapes and recover their original form upon heating.
    • Dual-material strategies combining expensive SMPs with common elastic materials are cost-effective but pose design challenges due to undesired deformation during programming.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a computational approach for designing self-actuated deformable solids using a dual-material strategy for 4D printing.
    • To address the challenge of undesired deformation during the shape programming stage in SMP-based 4D printing.
    • To optimize the distribution of SMP materials within an object to achieve desired shape recovery.

    Main Methods:

    • A constitutive model for thermo-responsive SMPs was customized to represent the dual-material behavior during shape programming.
    • The shape programming process was modeled using two elastic models with distinct parameters, linked by a median shape.
    • A non-convex optimization framework was formulated to determine the optimal SMP material distribution and median shape.
    • An efficient and parallelizable computational method was developed to solve the optimization problem.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed approach successfully designs self-actuated deformable objects with controlled shape recovery, outperforming existing methods.
    • The optimization framework effectively determines the spatial distribution of SMP materials to mitigate undesired deformation.
    • The method demonstrates the capability to create complex deformable structures not achievable with current state-of-the-art techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed computational design strategy enables the creation of advanced self-actuated deformable objects via 4D printing using cost-effective dual-material systems.
    • This approach provides a robust solution for programming temporary shapes and ensuring accurate shape recovery in SMP-based 4D printed structures.
    • The demonstrated applications highlight the practical utility and potential of this novel design methodology in various fields.