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Iron Metabolism: Interactions with Energy and Carbohydrate Availability
Alannah K A McKay1, David B Pyne2, Louise M Burke1
1Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Nutrients
|December 3, 2020
Summary
Dietary changes impact athlete iron metabolism and health. Carbohydrate restriction and low energy availability affect iron regulation, influencing performance and requiring careful nutritional strategies for athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Nutrition
- Exercise Physiology
- Nutritional Biochemistry
Background:
- Nutrient availability critically influences athlete training adaptation and health.
- Iron metabolism is a key physiological system affected by dietary interventions in athletes.
- Understanding nutrient-exercise interactions is vital for optimizing athlete health and performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current evidence on dietary manipulations and their effects on exercise-induced iron regulation.
- To assess the impact of carbohydrate restriction (acute and chronic) on athlete iron metabolism.
- To examine the link between low energy availability, iron status, and hepcidin activity in athletes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing scientific literature.
- Analysis of studies investigating carbohydrate availability and iron metabolism.
- Evaluation of research on low energy availability and iron regulatory markers.
Main Results:
- Carbohydrate restriction, including ketogenic diets and periodized availability, influences iron metabolism.
- Low energy availability is associated with altered hepcidin activity and poorer iron status in athletes.
- Dietary strategies impact the body's iron regulatory response to exercise.
Conclusions:
- Dietary interventions significantly modulate iron metabolism in athletes.
- Maintaining adequate iron stores requires careful consideration of energy availability and carbohydrate intake.
- Further research is needed to refine nutritional guidelines for elite athletes regarding iron status.
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