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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Transcatheter Aortic Valve Thrombogenesis: A Foreign Materials Perspective.

Md Tausif Salim1, Vahid Sadri2, Priya Nair2

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 387 Technology Circle NW, Technology Enterprise Park, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA.

Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology
|December 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The stent and skirt components of transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs) significantly increase blood clot formation. The entire TAV, including leaflets, showed reduced thrombogenicity, highlighting key interactions in TAV thrombosis.

Keywords:
D-DimerStentTAV thrombosisThrombin–antithrombin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Background:

  • Thrombus formation in transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs) is not fully understood.
  • Foreign material components of TAVs may significantly influence thrombogenesis.
  • Evaluating the thrombogenic potential of TAV components is crucial for improving device safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the thrombogenic potential of an entire TAV.
  • To evaluate the thrombogenic potential of the TAV stent and skirt components.
  • To elucidate the role of specific TAV materials in thrombus formation.

Main Methods:

  • Human blood from eight donors was used, anticoagulated with citrate and reconstituted with calcium chloride.
  • A steady flow loop system simulated physiological conditions for control, stent-with-skirt, and entire valve experiments.
  • Serum D-Dimer and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) concentrations were measured as indicators of thrombogenicity.

Main Results:

  • The stent-with-skirt group exhibited an increasing trend in D-Dimer and TAT concentrations over time.
  • The entire valve group demonstrated a decreasing trend in D-Dimer and TAT concentrations.
  • Significant differences in thrombogenicity markers were observed between the stent-with-skirt and entire valve groups.

Conclusions:

  • The stent-with-skirt configuration demonstrated the most significant thrombogenic effect.
  • Blood-stent and blood-skirt interactions are critical factors in TAV thrombosis.
  • The presence of valve leaflets may mitigate the thrombogenic potential observed with the stent and skirt alone.