Intelligent adaptive LFC via power flow management of integrated standalone micro-grid system

The design and control of an intelligent integrated standalone micro-grid (I-ISMG) have been proposed in this study. The ISMG system consists of solar photovoltaic (SPV), wind turbine generator (WTG), diesel engine generator (DEG) as distributed power generation (PG), and battery and flywheel as energy storage systems (ESSs). An improved incremental conductance (I-InC) maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) scheme, and a fuzzy wind power generation model (FWPGM) are utilized to obtain the power from solar, and wind energy systems respectively. The key contribution of this work is to control the power flow for synchronous micro-grid (MG) operation, which in turn resolves the problem of load frequency control (LFC). In this control strategy, an intelligent, i.e. fuzzy logic-based adaptive control scheme is proposed for the coordinated power flow among the generation, demand, and storage system. To minimize the frequency deviation (Δf) and control of PG from WTG and DEG, frequency support (FS) fuzzy logic-based droop characteristic is employed. For the droop control in WTG and DEG, fuzzy logic-based proportional-integral-derivative (F-PID), and self-tuned-fuzzy PID (STF-PID) control schemes are utilized respectively. Apart from droop controls, a fuzzy observer (FO) is designed to manage power flow to/from the storage systems. Further, the proposed control scheme has been benchmarked using single area power system (SAPS) and modified New England IEEE 39 bus system.