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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Multicomponent Polymerizations Involving Green Monomers.

Jia Wang1, Anjun Qin1, Ben Zhong Tang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|December 14, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) using green monomers like oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. It highlights recent advancements, applications, and future opportunities in sustainable polymer synthesis.

Keywords:
aggregation-induced emissiongreen monomersmulticomponent polymerizationmulticomponent tandem polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials Science

Background:

  • Green monomers (oxygen, water, carbon dioxide) offer abundant, non-toxic, and sustainable resources.
  • Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) utilize these green monomers for functional polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in MCPs employing oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide.
  • To discuss catalytic systems, polymerization conditions, and polymer properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on MCPs with green monomers.
  • Analysis of catalytic systems and polymerization parameters.
  • Evaluation of resultant polymer characteristics and applications.

Main Results:

  • Summarized recent advancements in MCPs using O2, H2O, and CO2.
  • Discussed polymer molecular weights and potential applications.
  • Identified current challenges and future opportunities in the field.

Conclusions:

  • MCPs with green monomers represent a sustainable approach to functional polymer production.
  • Further research can optimize catalytic systems and expand applications.
  • This field holds significant promise for environmentally friendly polymer innovation.