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Related Concept Videos

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
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Human postnatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Islets as a Model for Diabetes Research.

Avinash Kharat1, Bhawna Chandravanshi2, Avinash Sanap1

  • 1Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India.

Current Diabetes Reviews
|December 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell-derived Islet-Like Clusters (ILCs) offer a promising alternative to human cadaver islets for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) treatment and drug testing, especially where cadaver islets are restricted.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusdrug screeningglucose responsivenessinsulin secretionislet like clusterislet transplantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Scarcity of human cadaver islets for transplantation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) necessitates alternative sources.
  • Stem cell-derived Islet-Like Clusters (ILCs) show potential for DM treatment and drug discovery.
  • In vitro differentiation of ILCs mimics in vivo islet development but often results in immature cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utilization of ILCs from human postnatal tissues as an in vitro model.
  • To discuss ILCs for cytotoxicity testing, drug screening, and enhancing transplantation efficacy.
  • To explore ILCs as a platform for drug screening and stem cell-based DM treatment, particularly in regions with restrictions on cadaver islet research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on stem cell-derived ILCs.
  • Discussion of pharmacological preconditioning to improve ILC function.
  • Analysis of ILC applications in drug screening and transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacological preconditioning can enhance the in vitro and in vivo performance of ILCs.
  • ILCs can serve as a reliable in vitro model for drug screening and cytotoxicity testing.
  • ILCs offer a viable alternative to animal testing in drug discovery.

Conclusions:

  • ILCs derived from human postnatal tissues are valuable for in vitro research and potential DM therapy.
  • ILCs can complement, reduce, and potentially replace animal testing in drug screening.
  • ILCs represent a significant advancement for in vitro screening and stem cell-based DM treatment, especially under research restrictions.