Pathologic myopia: an overview of the current understanding and interventions

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Retinal Diseases
• Vision Science

Background:

• Pathologic myopia is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide.
• Epidemiological studies highlight the significant social and economic impact of myopia.
• Recent advancements include a standardized classification system for myopic maculopathy lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current understanding and management of pathologic myopia.
• To outline therapeutic strategies for myopic maculopathy complications.
• To discuss emerging preventive measures for myopia progression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on pathologic myopia.
• Analysis of classification systems for myopic maculopathy.
• Summary of therapeutic interventions and preventive strategies.

Main Results:

• Standardized classification of myopic maculopathy lesions aids clinical description.
• Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is first-line for myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
• Pars plana vitrectomy is effective for myopic retinoschisis and macular holes; research continues on optimizing outcomes and preventing complications.

Conclusions:

• Effective treatments exist for myopic maculopathy complications, including anti-VEGF therapy and vitrectomy.
• Ongoing research focuses on improving surgical outcomes and preventing postoperative macular holes.
• Preventive measures like low-dose atropine and specialized contact lenses show promise in controlling myopia progression.