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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
Published on: January 7, 2014
Imaging of the Urinary and Reproductive Tract in Small Ruminants
Susanne M Stieger-Vanegas1, Erica McKenzie1
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall, 700 Southwest 30th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Abstract:
Ultrasound imaging is the mainstay of urinary and reproductive imaging in small ruminants, assisted by the relatively superficial location of the urinary and reproductive tracts in these species. Radiography can provide an excellent overview of the abdomen, but is often limited by a lack of adequate penetration. Computed tomography scans provide summation-free imaging of the urinary and reproductive tracts in addition to information about the excretion of contrast agent by the kidneys, but can be limited by availability and cost.
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