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Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection

Guy Shalom1,2, Raed Khoury1,2, Amir Horev1,3

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Case Reports in Dermatology
|December 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma infection may lower drug allergy thresholds, potentially causing severe reactions like DRESS. This case highlights a possible synergistic effect between Mycoplasma and drug allergies, influencing eruption patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe hypersensitivity reaction.
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections are common and can trigger immune responses.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with DRESS, exhibiting both drug and Mycoplasma infection as potential etiologies.
  • The patient had a history of drug allergy, suggesting a predisposing factor.

Findings:

  • A possible synergistic interaction between a known drug allergy and acute Mycoplasma infection may have precipitated the DRESS.
  • Interferon-gamma release assay and TNF-alpha release assay showed distinct patterns, indicating differential roles in drug eruption types.

Implications:

  • Mycoplasma infection could be a critical factor in lowering the threshold for drug allergies in susceptible individuals.
  • Understanding the distinct roles of cytokines like Interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha may aid in classifying and managing different drug eruption severities.
Keywords:
Adverse drug reactionDrug eruptionDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)InfectionInterferon-γ release testMycoplasma

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