Second generation readout for large format photon counting microwave kinetic inductance detectors.

Area of Science:

• Physics
• Electrical Engineering
• Astronomy Instrumentation

Background:

• Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are sensitive superconducting devices used for photon counting.
• Existing readout systems face limitations in bandwidth and scalability for large MKID arrays.
• High-performance readout is crucial for advanced astronomical instruments and quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a second-generation digital readout system for MKID arrays.
• To significantly increase readout bandwidth for kilopixel-scale MKID arrays.
• To improve real-time photon event processing and noise suppression.

Main Methods:

• Development of a high-bandwidth digital readout system based on the first-generation architecture.
• Implementation of parallel readout boards capable of handling 1024 pixels each over 2 GHz bandwidth.
• Real-time identification, analysis, and recording of photon detection events.
• Novel algorithm development for IQ mixer sideband suppression.

Main Results:

• The second-generation system enables readout of kilopixel MKID arrays.
• Achieved a time resolution of a few microseconds for photon detection events.
• Demonstrated efficient suppression of IQ mixer sidebands to below -30 dBc.
• Characterization of system noise properties.

Conclusions:

• The developed readout system offers a scalable and high-performance solution for large MKID arrays.
• The system's high bandwidth and precise timing are suitable for optical and near-infrared photon counting applications.
• The novel sideband suppression algorithm enhances signal fidelity in MKID readout.