Development of Sodium Polyacrylate-Based High-Performance Submucosal Injection Material with Pseudoplastic Fluid...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Gastroenterology
• Medical Devices

Background:

• High-performance submucosal injection materials (SIMs) are crucial for safe and rapid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
• Pseudoplastic fluids are theoretically more suitable for SIMs than Newtonian fluids.
• Sodium polyacrylate (SPA) exhibits pseudoplastic characteristics, making it a candidate for novel SIMs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel high-performance SIM with pseudoplastic fluid characteristics based on sodium polyacrylate (SPA).
• To compare the performance of the novel SPA-based SIM with a conventional Newtonian fluid SIM (sodium hyaluronate, HA) in terms of viscoelasticity, submucosal elevation height (SEH), and injection pressure (IP).

Main Methods:

• A novel SIM was formulated using sodium polyacrylate (SPA) to achieve pseudoplastic fluid properties.
• Viscoelasticity, SEH, and IP were measured for 0.07% SPA and 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (HA).
• Ex vivo ESD procedures were performed using both HA and SPA to compare procedural duration and injected volume.

Main Results:

• The 0.07% SPA SIM exhibited higher SEH than 0.4% HA at all post-injection times (P < 0.001).
• ESD procedures using 0.07% SPA were significantly shorter (16.6 ± 3.7 min vs 22.2 ± 2.9 min, P = 0.0276) and required less injected volume (9.0 ± 3.1 mL vs 15.7 ± 3.9 mL, P = 0.0165) compared to HA.
• The IP of 0.07% SPA was comparable to 0.4% HA (31.6 ± 1.7 vs 31.4 ± 3.1 psi).

Conclusions:

• A high-performance SIM with pseudoplastic characteristics, based on 0.07% SPA, was successfully developed.
• The SPA-based SIM demonstrated superior performance over the Newtonian HA SIM, offering improved SEH and procedural efficiency.
• This novel SPA material represents a promising advancement for submucosal injection in ESD procedures.