Pathophysiological landscape of osteoarthritis
Priya Kulkarni1, Aare Martson2, Ragini Vidya3
1Department of Pathophysiology, Biomedicine and Translational medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|January 17, 2021
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is linked to aging and metabolic issues, not just degeneration. Targeting low-grade inflammation and immune dysfunction offers promising new OA treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is projected to affect over 25% of the global population due to aging.
- Emerging evidence links OA to chronic metabolic conditions and low-grade inflammation, challenging its purely degenerative view.
- OA pathology involves complex interactions including oxidative stress, synovitis, and immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cellular, biochemical, and molecular aspects of OA pathology.
- To highlight the central role of synovitis in OA pathogenesis.
- To discuss the connection between metabolic syndrome, aging, and OA development.
Main Methods:
- Review of published and unpublished research on OA pathology.
- Analysis of cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms.
- Integration of findings on aging, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation in OA.
Main Results:
- Synovitis is proposed as a central pathology driving OA.
- A strong link between metabolic syndrome and OA is established.
- Cell senescence is identified as a key aging mechanism contributing to OA.
Conclusions:
- Low-grade inflammation associated with aging and immune dysfunction forms the pathological basis for OA.
- Interventions targeting inflammaging (inflammation + aging) show promise for OA management.
- Further research into inflammaging is crucial for developing effective OA therapies.
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