Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 21, 2025
10:29
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Published on: May 9, 2025
1.8K
Darunavir: A comprehensive profile.
Ibrahim A Darwish1, Abdulrahman A Al-Majed2, Nawaf A Alsaif2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|January 19, 2021
Summary
Darunavir is a synthetic protease inhibitor approved for treating drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It effectively prevents HIV replication by inhibiting the viral protease enzyme, crucial for mature virus formation.
Area of Science:
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Pharmacology
- Virology
Background:
- Darunavir is a synthetic non-peptide protease inhibitor.
- It was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2006 for treatment of resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- FDA expanded its approval in July 2016 for use in pregnant women with HIV infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of darunavir.
- To discuss its chemical properties, preparation, and analytical methods.
- To detail its pharmacological properties and dosing information for HIV treatment.
Main Methods:
- Extensive literature review.
- Critical analysis of scientific publications.
- Synthesis of information on chemical, physical, and pharmacological properties.
Main Results:
- Darunavir effectively inhibits HIV-1 protease, preventing viral replication.
- It maintains antiretroviral activity against multidrug-resistant HIV strains.
- The review covers darunavir's nomenclature, composition, appearance, preparation, properties, analysis, pharmacology, and dosing.
Conclusions:
- Darunavir is a vital antiretroviral agent for managing HIV, particularly resistant strains.
- Its unique mechanism and efficacy make it a significant therapeutic option.
- This review consolidates essential information for healthcare professionals and researchers.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification
109
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
109
01:10Pharmacokinetics: Overview
8.2K
Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV)...
8.2K
01:29Subviral Agents
310
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
310
01:29Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
88
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
88
01:01Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters
59
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
59
01:17Drug Absorption: Overview
1.2K
The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI)...
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI)...
1.2K