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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Generation of First Heart Field-like Cardiac Progenitors and Ventricular-like Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Generation of First Heart Field-like Cardiac Progenitors and Ventricular-like Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Taking Heart Development to the Next Level.

Stefan M Jahnel1, Sasha Mendjan1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.

Cell Stem Cell
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel gastruloid model to study early heart development. This organoid system effectively mimics key morphological events in cardiogenesis, overcoming limitations of current in vitro methods.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Generation of First Heart Field-like Cardiac Progenitors and Ventricular-like Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
08:37

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In Vitro Generation of Heart Field-specific Cardiac Progenitor Cells
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Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Cardiovascular science

Background:

  • Current in vitro systems effectively model early heart specification.
  • These systems lack the ability to replicate morphological events during cardiac development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel patterned embryonic organoid model for studying early cardiogenesis.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing in vitro systems in modeling morphological events.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a patterned embryonic organoid model (gastruloid).
  • Utilizing the gastruloid system to mimic early cardiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • The gastruloid model successfully mimics key aspects of early cardiogenesis.
  • The model provides a platform for studying morphological events in heart development.

Conclusions:

  • Patterned embryonic organoids (gastruloids) represent a significant advancement in modeling early heart development.
  • This model system offers new possibilities for understanding the morphological complexities of cardiogenesis in vitro.