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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: October 31, 2013

In situ solid-state nanopore fabrication.

Jasper P Fried¹, Jacob L Swett¹, Binoy Paulose Nadappuram²

¹Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK.

Chemical Society Reviews

|February 24, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New in situ methods rapidly fabricate solid-state nanopores for applications like DNA sequencing. These techniques, including controlled breakdown (CBD) and electrochemical reactions (ECR), enable nanoscale pore creation in minutes.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Solid-state nanopores are crucial for applications such as DNA sequencing, ultra-dilute analyte detection, protein analysis, and polymer data storage.
Traditional nanopore fabrication methods are often time-consuming and lack the resolution for creating pores with diameters in the few nanometer range.
The demand for precise, nanoscale pores necessitates the development of more efficient and accessible fabrication techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare recent in situ solid-state nanopore fabrication techniques.
To highlight the advantages and challenges associated with each in situ method.
To provide insights into future research directions for in situ nanopore fabrication.

Main Methods:

Review of in situ fabrication methods for solid-state nanopores in electrolyte environments.
Detailed examination of controlled breakdown (CBD), electrochemical reactions (ECR), laser etching, and laser-assisted controlled breakdown (la-CBD).
Comparative analysis of these techniques based on fabrication speed, resolution, and application suitability.

Main Results:

In situ methods enable the fabrication of solid-state nanopores with diameters down to a few nanometers.
These techniques significantly reduce fabrication time, often completing in minutes.
The reviewed methods utilize relatively simple equipment, democratizing nanopore fabrication.

Conclusions:

In situ fabrication methods offer a rapid and accessible route to producing nanoscale solid-state nanopores.
Each method (CBD, ECR, laser etching, la-CBD) presents unique advantages and challenges for specific applications.
Further research into optimizing these in situ techniques is essential for advancing nanopore-based technologies.