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Sexual dysfunction (SD) significantly impacts multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Increased physical disability, measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), is the primary independent risk factor for SD in MS, not depression or anxiety.

Keywords:
multiple sclerosispatient reported outcomerisksexual dysfunction–risk factorssexuality

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Urology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Sexual dysfunction (SD) is prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), negatively affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  • The independent nature of SD in MS, versus being a byproduct of psychological symptoms like depression or anxiety, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SD in pwMS.
  • To identify independent risk factors for SD in MS.
  • To correlate SD with HRQoL, physical disability, depression, and anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 93 pwMS.
  • SD was assessed using the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19).
  • Physical disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), depression/anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and HRQoL (Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54, MSQoL-54) were measured. Multivariate regression models identified independent risk factors.

Main Results:

  • 46% of participants reported SD.
  • pwMS with SD had significantly poorer physical and mental HRQoL scores.
  • The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was the sole independent risk factor for SD (OR 18.1 for EDSS ≥4). Depression and anxiety were not independent risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • SD risk in MS increases with greater physical disability (EDSS).
  • SD in MS is independent of depression and anxiety.
  • Screening for SD is crucial for pwMS, especially those with progressive disability.