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The Novel Coronavirus and Haemostatic Abnormalities: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment

S Louw1,2, B F Jacobson3,4, E S Mayne4,5

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. Susan.louw@nls.ac.za.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic causes significant abnormal thrombosis, affecting both large and small blood vessels. Further research is needed to understand the virus

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, shares similarities with the previous SARS epidemic due to their shared coronavirus origin.
  • A key differentiator of COVID-19 is the significant morbidity and mortality associated with abnormal thrombosis.
  • This thrombotic phenomenon impacts both macrovascular and microvascular levels, presenting uniquely in this disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique thrombotic complications of COVID-19.
  • To discuss the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in pulmonary endothelium and its link to respiratory issues.
  • To address the elevated D-dimer levels observed in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of clinical observations regarding thrombosis in COVID-19.
  • Examination of viral presence in affected tissues.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 is characterized by unique macro- and microvascular thrombosis.
  • SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in the endothelium of pulmonary alveoli, contributing to respiratory distress.
  • Elevated D-dimer concentrations are a frequent finding in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal thrombosis is a major contributor to COVID-19 severity.
  • The precise pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 require further elucidation.
  • Optimal anticoagulation strategies for COVID-19 are yet to be established.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCOVID-19CoagulopathySARS-CoV-2ThrombosisTreatment

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