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Nudging: Progress to date and future directions
John Beshears1, Harry Kosowsky2
1Harvard Business School and National Bureau of Economic Research, Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163, United States.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
|March 15, 2021
Summary
Nudges subtly alter decision environments to influence behavior without limiting choices or changing financial incentives. Automating decisions with nudges shows a significantly larger effect size compared to other nudge types.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Economics
- Decision Science
- Psychology
Background:
- Nudges are interventions that alter choice architecture without restricting options or incentives.
- Empirical evidence demonstrates nudges' effectiveness across diverse domains and disciplines.
- Behavioral sciences extensively document nudge impacts on decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess empirical research on nudging effectiveness.
- To provide recommendations for future research directions in nudging.
- To analyze treatment effects from 174 empirical articles on nudges.
Main Methods:
- Systematic analysis of 174 articles estimating nudge treatment effects.
- Review of empirical research on nudging across behavioral sciences.
- Comparison of effect sizes for different nudge categories.
Main Results:
- Nudges successfully influence behavior in a wide range of domains.
- Automated nudges demonstrate a larger average effect size (Cohen's d = 0.193) than other nudges.
- Diverse research disciplines and data sources confirm nudge efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Future research should prioritize identifying the most impactful nudge types.
- Integrating field and laboratory research methods is recommended.
- Investigating long-term effects, non-targeted outcomes, and nudge interactions is crucial.
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