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Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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The writer...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Epigenetic editing: Dissecting chromatin function in context.

Cristina Policarpi1, Juliette Dabin1, Jamie A Hackett1

  • 1Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Rome, Italy.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|March 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programable epigenome editing allows direct testing of gene regulation. This technology, particularly CRISPR-based tools, offers causal insights into epigenetics, chromatin states, and disease, moving beyond correlative studies.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9DNA methylationcausaldCas9epigenetic inheritanceepigenome therapygenome regulationhistone modificationpolycomb

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for development and disease.
  • Correlative epigenomics has advanced knowledge but lacks causal evidence.
  • Emerging technologies enable precise manipulation of the epigenome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how programable epigenome editing addresses key questions in epigenetics.
  • To review CRISPR-based epigenetic editing tools, their capabilities, and limitations.
  • To discuss the potential of epigenetic editing in disease research and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on CRISPR-based epigenetic editing technologies.
  • Discussing the application of these tools for targeted chromatin perturbations.
  • Reviewing advancements and challenges in the field.

Main Results:

  • Programable epigenome editing enables causal inference in epigenetics.
  • CRISPR-based tools offer unprecedented precision in manipulating chromatin states.
  • The technology holds promise for understanding context-dependent gene function and memory.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic editing is a powerful approach to resolve fundamental questions in gene regulation.
  • CRISPR technology provides a versatile toolkit for epigenome manipulation.
  • Future applications include advancing the study and treatment of epigenetic-related diseases.