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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.8K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
06:51

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

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CAR T Cells.

Thilan Tudor1, Zev A Binder1, Donald M O'Rourke2

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Room 176, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|March 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy shows promise for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, with early trials indicating safety and antitumor activity. Further research will explore new targets and combination strategies for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CAR-TChimeric antigen receptorChimeric antigen receptor T cellGlioblastomaImmunotherapyTrial

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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is effective against blood cancers.
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is a challenging brain tumor with limited treatment options.
  • CAR-T cell therapy is emerging as a potential treatment for GBM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma.
  • To summarize early clinical trial findings, including safety, tolerability, and efficacy.
  • To outline future directions for GBM CAR-T cell research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early-stage clinical trials for CAR-T cell therapy in GBM patients.
  • Analysis of data on safety, tolerability, anti-tumor activity, and CAR-T cell localization.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify trends and future research avenues.

Main Results:

  • Early GBM CAR-T trials show acceptable safety and tolerability profiles.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests CAR-T cells can target GBM and exhibit anti-tumor activity.
  • Patient outcomes have been mixed, necessitating further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • CAR-T cell therapy is a developing treatment for glioblastoma with initial safety demonstrated.
  • Ongoing trials are investigating novel antigens, combination therapies, and optimized CAR designs.
  • Future research aims to enhance CAR-T cell efficacy and improve patient outcomes in GBM.