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Beyond Bone: Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Parathyroid Disorders
Valeria Hasenmajer1, Giulia Puliani2,3, Marianna Minnetti2
1Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. valeria.hasenmajer@uniroma1.it.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 30, 2021
Summary
Parathyroid disorders disrupt calcium and phosphate balance, impacting immunity. This review explores how parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels influence infection risk in these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Parathyroid disorders involve abnormal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium/phosphate levels.
- Existing research on PTH-immunity interactions is conflicting and lacks clinical relevance.
- Infections are a major concern in secondary hyperparathyroidism, particularly with chronic kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review infectious disease prevalence in parathyroid disorders.
- To investigate the role of PTH and calcium in infection risk.
- To synthesize current evidence on the PTH-immunity axis in endocrine and kidney disease.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of clinical data on infection rates.
- Examination of in vitro and in vivo studies on PTH and immune function.
Main Results:
- Increased infection risk observed across primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism.
- Evidence suggests physiological PTH levels are crucial for immune response.
- Calcium and phosphate imbalances negatively affect infectious disease outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Parathyroid disorders significantly increase susceptibility to infections.
- PTH and calcium homeostasis are vital for a robust immune system.
- Further research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between PTH, calcium, and immunity.
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